How did you install kopia? What system are you on?

I’m not yet sure about that

It needs to be running, if it is, it will follow the policy. Systemd can start it with the system, but you can also start it some other way. Or you can execute snapshots without it constantly running, via cron/script. It’s up to you.

Abrubt power off shouldn’t damage the drives, but it can absolutely corrupt files that are being written, and even entirely delete things in the write cache.

Depends. If you are running it as a service that starts with the system (sudo sysemctl enable kopia should work with most install methods, as kopia comes with a systemd service you only need to enable) then yes, it will use its own scheduler.

If you want to use your own scheduling, you’d use anything that can execute a command on a schedule.

The main advantages of Kopia, are speed and destination flexibility.

The off-site storage does not need to have Kopia installed. It can be a mounted network location, an FTP server. Whatever. A generic cloud storage bucket like Backblaze B2.

That’s why just a router with and external drive hooked up is able to suffice.

For all of these, you can connect multiple Kopia instances to that same destination, and each client can browse backups, restore from them, and backup their own files to the destination. It even performs file deduplication across different source device. All while that destination device or service, has no access to your encrypted files.

With borg, you need something like a Pi that can have borg installed. (You can also do this with Kopia, in which case the Kopia instance on the destination device is also able to manage the backups).

Kopia also beats borg and restic in speed. My daily backups typically complete within a minute or two. I used to use Duplicati, with which it was common for it to take up to an hour. When it started regularly taking more than an hour, I switched to Kopia.

Kopia is not the fastest for initial backup. The speed of this varies depending on destination type. It does not compress by default, but you can enable almost any type of compression you want. No, what it is fastest at is updating backups. If there is nothing to update, it does not take forever for it to figure that out. Kopia does it in seconds.

Really common, actually. RAM doesn’t really wear out, so if you do get hit with some faulty DIMMS, look into RMAs.

Neat! That was a dealbreaker back when I last tried it.

I use Jellyfin with the Symfonium mobile client.

Navidrome is popular but does not support multi-tags for some fields, like artists.

1. There is no “special” benefit to a pre-built NAS. They have convenient software but there is nothing exceptional about them. They’re just computers with storage drive slots. Using a bunch of external drives via a USB hub would be fine. But is that your only expansion option on the system you have? Access speeds via USB, especially if using a hub, won’t be ideal. It’ll certainly work, though. You can also get enclosures to put full size HDDs in, which can connect to an existing system.

2. RAID is still the way to go, but since you don’t need much storage, I’d start with RAID 1, not 5. 5 will require a rebuild with a new drive if something goes wrong, while RAID 1 will work with 2 drives and give you complete mirroring. Since you intend to have a “local” backup copy anyway, why not just skip that and use RAID 1? It’s literally the same thing, except it’ll actually provide uptime in case of failure, unlike a backup drive or raid 5.

3. So RAID 5 plus a local backup, plus another offsite? This is overkill IMO. (Not the offsite backup that’s good. But raid+local copy. Just use two drives and mirror them using whatever you prefer.) In your place, I think I’d go with BTRFS in raid1c2 mode. This is like raid1, in that with two drives, you only get the capacity of one drive. But, the “c2” means that each data block is mirrored to two drives. With more than two drives, you can expand storage. (With three 2TB drives you’d get 3TB) You don’t get as much available storage as with raid5, but you get expandability, which you normally don’t with raid1. And you get uptime in case of failure without an array rebuild (though for this you must mount the volume with the “degraded” option, unlike actual raid using mdadm). You also get filesystem snapshots.

4. You intend to do this manually? That is fine. My current solution is a second NAS at my dad’s home, to which my system is backed up daily using Kopia. Kopia deduplicates and compresses the backups, efficiently keeping versions up to two years back. The simplest version of this would be a router that can host an FTP server using an external drive in its usb port. This way you could automate off-site backup and have it happen more frequently. Asus routers can do this, and even come with free dynamic DNS and automatic https with letsenrypt. You literally just plug it into WAN somewhere, and you’ll be able to back up to it over the internet.

Finally, just some mentions.

MDADM, is what you’d use to create a software RAID array.

BTRFS has built-in multi-device storage, of which only single, raid0, and raid1 are stable. Do not use the raid5 and 6 modes. While named raid, the modes differ from actual raid. BTRFS is able to convert from one mode to another, and can add drives in any mode (though will need to “balance” the drives after changes, to make additional capacity available). It is also able to evict drives. It will not auto-mount a volume after drive failure, and requires the “degraded” option be added.

Mergerfs can be used to merge filesystems to expand storage non-destructively. It is able to arbitrarily combine volumes of any type, to combine their capacity. This way, it can for example be used to expand a raid1 array by combining it with a single disk, or another raid1 array, or whatever else. This can be done temporarily, as the combined volume can also be disassembled non-destructively, with each file simply remaining on whatever drive they were on.

Didn’t there use to be an unlimited tier?

That you can’t do.

It’s possible in some cases but looks like Thunder doesn’t support it for guest profiles.

The local feed is unique to each instance, and content in it may not exist on yours. For a community to be federated to a given instance, it must have at least one local user who is a subscriber, and the community can’t be local only.

Thunder can add instances using a “guest” profile. Basically browse only mode without an account.

Theft.

Unknown.

It’ll be running some kind of ARM soc. Hades has been demoed running flawlessly on it. No VR titles yet, but there is no reason they couldn’t work, too.

Odds?

Just look it up, or tell me what you have.

Regardless of what you have, the “odds” are good.

If you have something unusual that causes problems, that’s too bad, but it doesn’t stop the rest of us from having a good time. And now that I’m on linux, I can make sure something will work before I buy it, and if it doesn’t, I can return it.

It’s only at the time of when you switch you need to think about whether your existing hardware will work.

Linux does. Not all, but a lot, and more every day.

It’s been years now, and it still hits me sometimes how insanely nice it is that my computers now work the way I want them to.

?

The 580 driver does support wayland, it’s not that old. Or are you worried about future breaking changes since you won’t get updates?

I just switched my sisters old laptop with a 970m over to the nvidia-580xx driver, available on the AUR. Further manual maintenance should be unnecessary until the kernel becomes too new for that.

I even had to enable wayland for GDM because it was trying to use X11 and failing.

She plays minecraft and a couple other games so the nouveau was not an option.

Yeah. It’s almost more like Steam, complete with unmoderated social platform functionality.

Mihon has a setting to flash the display when changing pages to reduce ghosting on e-ink displays.

Which you shouldn’t use. E-ink refreshes are far more complex than simply flashing the screen a solid color, involving multiple steps to massage the e-ink in the panel into a sharp image. These are calculated and done by the e-ink display driver on any decent device, whenever the image on screen changes enough.

Mihon also does the flash out of sync with the actual display refresh (if it’s set to occur on tap), CAUSING ghosting, instead of reducing it.

If you can configure your e-ink device to do a full display refresh on tap, simply do that.

In Mihon, just disable animations, and let the e-ink display driver handle display refreshes.

That depends entirely on the service.

Nothing prevents the password from being hashed client-side, only ever sending the hash to the service.

I think the only passkey I have is stored in my VaultWarden. Though it only works in browsers atm.