Sometimes all it takes is a random comment from a fellow self-hoster to put me on another journey… Thanks for the tip on passkeys and Pocket ID! Love the Pocket ID guides on all popular services. This looks to make it much easier for family logins to all my services. I’m starting the migration now already from Pangolin and inward.

I love the seemingly never-ending journey of self hosting!

Pangolin is a reverse proxy, so it can forward a URL to any backend service on any port. But you’re right in that you have to be signed in on the browser you access it on. Therefore an app won’t directly work without prior login. You can create a ‘shareable link’ in Pangolin, which I use for the Immich app. This gives me header tokens that the Immich app can take in its advanced settings, and that’s how that one works.

I’ve recently moved away from dedicated apps for mobile services and toward web-based access for most things (I use Music Assistant in browser). This isn’t perfect for everything and everyone, but I realise now with your question that it’s worked well for me transitioning to Pangolin (and at least Immich app works).

Not my expertise I’m afraid. Geoip blocking is straightforward with traefik (and Pangolin docs), Crowdsec is a little more complicated, and with the external firewall into the VPS, there isn’t much more I can think to do.

It’s likely more a factor of how secure Pangolin itself is at that stage.

If today’s outage is anything to go by, you’re better off not using Cloudflare!!

I have continued to use it for public websites so that, in my thinking, at least the Cloudflare network is scrutinising who is accessing my webpages in case of attacks etc.

Pangolin is a simpler cloud reverse proxy, whereas Cloudflare has more bells 'n whistles for quick-set security. You just need to harden your VPS that Pangolin runs on. You can activate Crowdsec etc on it as well.

I run mine on a Hetzner VPS which has a nice firewall feature in the control panel securing the VPS ports for SSH and Pangolin tunnel to my home IP. Then it’s only ports 80 & 443 exposed. And I think from memory Pangolin doesn’t play nicely with UFW (well, Traefik doesn’t).

I only started using Cloudflare tunnels recently, but I’m now using the self hosted alternative Pangolin on a VPS for private services, and I keep the Cloudflare tunnel for public web hosting, i.e WordPress. This also allows easy restriction to the WordPress login page for other users via Google auth etc which is something very simple with CF.

Having split up my private/public services to seperate tunnels also means I don’t stand the chance of taking the public services offline with my constant tinkering of Pangolin and the VPS it runs on.

I have pushed the CF tunnel for file transfers occasionally (which is against their terms), but it hits remarkable speeds for a ‘free’ service.

I had Nextcloud running for several years (VM is the best way IMO, I would avoid the Docker AIO). However I found Filebrowser and it rocks as a file share service. Filebrowser Quantum is a fork with more feature as the original no longer has a maintainer. The most I’ve had someone upload to it was 300GB.

I use Filebrowser Quantum if you are happy opening up a port for it. It supports 2fa. Also requires Docker which isn’t too difficult.

I ran Blue Iris, but despite my love for it, my disdain at having to run it on Windows made me move away. You can run it still in a VM, but it’s not ideal, and also not meeting your requirement of moving off Windows.

I would recommend Home Assistant with Music Assistant for music playback of local library files, and that gives you a web page controller. I see Home Assistant also integrates iSpy DVR. No experience of iSpy, but the Music Assistant integration is superb. I use it to stream all music at home for the family to Chromecasts etc and this way everyone just accesses the same web portal.

Home Assistant can be Docker or it’s own OS.

Perhaps not the size you’re after, but I have a HP Z1 G5, i9-9900, 5 SSD, 3 HDD, and that can idle as low as 45W and costs me £60/yr in electric. I managed to pick it up off eBay for only £260 (discounted from £350; if you keep an eye on certain things, sellers drop prices to rid of their gear).

I love it. I started with pFsense, then really liked Untangle for its ease of use, then went (back) to OPNsense and preferred that for the fact it could run Caddy internally as a reverse proxy and was fast, but I was a bit frustrated at wanting to do more with it and needing to research everything. I already had Unifi APs and decided that it just made sense to have a Ubiquiti router. I’ve found it stable, easy to use with good feature updates, and have also just paid for the annual Cybersecure add-on which is reporting loads.

I was being too simplistic in my other reply. I was referring to basic router based DNS and NextDNS as the upstream resolver.

I don’t have an answer for hard coded DNS when it comes to NextDNS, which is essentially an upstream resolver with block lists functionality.

And to be honest, I misinterpreted OPs original question which was to take PiHole to the next level, whereas NextDNS is an alternative to.

I can run app based routing and blocking on my router, but whether that would restrict DNS for those services I don’t know.

Thanks for the clarification, you’ve got me wanting to pursue more DNS control now!

I think they’re forked form the same source, Bittorrent Sync, so function the same under the hood. I wasn’t suggesting Resilio did something Syncthing didn’t. I’ve just found Resilio easier to use for client devices. And that OP was concerned about losing files from syncing.

The only odd behaviour I’ve had with Resilio, is when hosted on Unraid, random files on the SMB share sometimes have database names on large folders with lots of files (RSH-78254 for example), but when synced to remote devices, the filenaming is then accurate. I’ve been meaning to spin up Syncthing to see if it does the same, but as Resilio has yet to lose me any files, I’m sticking with it.

Could be a Docker issue as well I guess.

If you’re referring to network based DNS, I use their script to have it on my Ubiquiti router as well. I have that with its own profile with full blocking for iot etc.

I had PiHole with unbound on my OPNsense way back when, but the internet just needs to work for both me and my family and not go offline with me tinkering with the homelab. NextDNS takes all of that hassle out of the equation.

I use Resilio to duplicate locally to my Unraid, which I know is hated as it’s not the FOSS Syncthing, but in 5 years of use, it’s never gone wrong, and the client software is dead easy to use. That has a hidden .sync folder which archives deleted files for 30 days. You can change the timeframe or remove this feature in settings. I go into the sync folder and remove the deleted files manually if it becomes too bloated.

From my Unraid, I then backup to Hetzner using Duplicacy, which with the GUI is also very easy to use. From what I’ve read about the other backup solutions being a bit flaky, Duplicacy seems to have nothing but love.

I’ve had pihole running in the past, then Adguard, but moved to NextDNS several years ago and have been happy with it. For a small fee, it removes all need for self hosting your own. I set up profiles for the kids, wife etc, then set the DNS in their phones, tablets, so I know its always working wherever they are. You can set local IPs in it if you want, but I use a reverse proxy for all LAN requests instead.

Only slight issue I’ve had with it was recently making several quick changes to DNS in Cloudflare, and NextDNS took several hours to propagate which was a PITA at the time.

Edit: I’ve just seen that they now offer a free tier which they didn’t in the past.

I can’t quite figure out the downvotes to my first reply for suggesting backups and docker… I think my mention of Windows did it (do please avoid Windows for what it’s worth).

If you have reliable, easy to access backups, then it takes away the doubt of self-hosting. Hence the suggestion for Backblaze as it’s so easy to implement. Put in an encryption key and your remote data is private. I use it for everything except Plex media, which is something I wouldn’t care if I lost.

I jumped to Unraid about 2 years ago and haven’t looked back. Docker on Unraid is as easy to use as it gets, and now my confidence with it has grown and my demands are getting slightly more complex, I’m moving to Dockge for Docker stacks, and Pangolin on a Hetzner VPS for remote access. Hetzner have a great firewall feature for your VPS, so you can lock it down to home access to get you started once you start on a VPS journey.

But I would recommend Unraid for sure on ANY old HP desktop PC from eBay. I got an Z1 i9-9900, 32Gb RAM for £250. Bonkers cheap for what it is.

Good luck!

Backup. I use Backblaze personal which is $179 for two years of ‘unlimited’ storage. All my important self hosted data is duped to some old 2.5" external drives connected to my work machine that then is backing up to Backblaze. I also have 1yr retention, so any deleted file is accessible for up to 1yr.

After backups are sorted, stick with the OS you know best. If Windows (I hope not), then HyperV for VMs is good. Try the official Nextcloud VM from Hanson IT. Nextcloud is a good catch-all, but it’s beaten by other specific tools. I now host all I need from specific Docker containers: photos, calendar, email backup etc etc

But I would say Docker. Docker desktop if Macos or Windows if your thing. Get to know docker and the world of self hosting is your oyster.

As what others say, keep it all to your home network and tread carefully when trying to remote access it all.

The absolute irony… I’ve used Immich for nearly 2 years without fail; it’s never skipped a beat. Today I update to the stable release and my Immich mobile app now has a sync error warning. This is the first issue I’ve ever had.

EDIT: Phew! Clear File Cache in mobile app has sorted the error. For a moment I thought the universe was against me.

I too looked for a way to move my imap emails out of the cloud, and after looking for years, 2 came along in a matter of months. Mail Archiver and Open Archiver. I’ve been using Open Archiver for about 2 months and like it. I just VPN to home (well, Pangolin), and have it as a proxied web page to search old emails.

I suppose there’s always a catch with them opening up for 3rd party support.

I was keen to move to Unifi primarily for a doorbell. I had a Hikvision which was very temperamental, and I didn’t want a cloud based one like Ring or Nest, so believe it or not, most of my decision was made around a stupid doorbell.